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ADHD and Anxiety Medication People suffering from ADHD frequently suffer from co-occurring anxiety disorders. Anxiety can cause restlessness irritability and trouble sleeping. Stimulant medications can ease symptoms, but they can also cause side-effects such as tics or small growth reductions in children and adolescents. Additionally, medication adhd adults find their anxiety worsens when taking stimulant medications. Stimulants The use of stimulants is to treat ADHD and Narcolepsy. They are also popular among recreational drug users as stimulants and performance-enhancing substances because of their ability to increase energy, alertness and focus. They are available in tablets, capsules crystals that are chunky and clear, or a white or brown powder. The use of large doses can result in excessive stimulation, which can cause anxiety, panic, stomach cramps as well as paranoia and aggression. Long-term use of stimulants can result in addiction and serious adverse effects, such as heart issues, high pressure and stroke. These medications are also proven to relieve anxiety symptoms. They work by increasing brain chemicals such as dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin. They are less in ADHD patients. This boosts activity and communication between parts of the brain that regulate the executive and attention functions. This leads to increased impulse control and anxiety symptoms are reduced. Research has shown that both atomoxetine and methylphenidate reduce anxiety symptoms in adults with ADHD and other anxiety disorders. Both drugs improved anxiety symptoms as early as the 4th week of treatment. The benefits was evident for eight weeks. It is important to note that the type of medication that is most effective in treating anxiety and ADHD symptoms that co-occur may depend on which of the conditions has the greatest impact on a person’s quality of living. One may experience numerous mini-crises that cause worry in a regular manner when they have to rush to make appointments or keep up with projects at work or school. These can be stressful and cause anxiety more often than the symptoms of panic attacks or anxiety. In these instances the antidepressants, or SSRIs are the best choice to treat anxiety-related symptoms. These drugs have been proven to be effective at reducing anxiety levels in adults. They are typically taken orally and can take a bit longer to take effect, but the most commonly used options are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like Sertraline and Fluoxetine, and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) like duloxetine and venlafaxine. These drugs can be used together with cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety. They are especially effective if a patient has a racing or elevated heart rate. SSRIs Antidepressants, including SSRIs (antidepressant drugs) are frequently used to treat anxiety-related disorders. Prozac is the first drug of this class is fluoxetine. The SSRIs are also effective in treating depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic disorder. These drugs are a bit more flexible than previous generations of antidepressants, and they have fewer and fewer severe side effects. The SSRIs block serotonin reuptake at synapses. This causes the neurotransmitter within the synapse to stay active and signal the post synaptic cells more than would be the case otherwise. This can boost the output of norepinephrine which may reduce anxiety symptoms. It could also result in higher levels of the neuronal cyclic AMP (cAMP) which stimulates protein production. SSRIs can also reduce the impulsivity and hyperactivity. They also can improve sleep quality and reduce agitation in some people with ADHD. However, these drugs can increase the possibility of suicidal behavior and thoughts in some people. They may also cause an increase in appetite and weight gain, especially when they first begin. Another type of antidepressant called SNRIs, works differently than SSRIs. SNRIs block the reuptake of serotonin as well as norepinephrine. They also have an impact on anxiety. They can improve the function of the blood vessels and the heart muscle. This may reduce feelings of anxiety and stress. Certain people with bipolar disorder can also benefit from their use. The most popular SNRIs are duloxetine (Cymbalta) and Venlafaxine (Effexor, Effexor XR) and desvenlafaxine (Khedezla, Pristiq). The SNRIs may raise blood pressure in some people therefore they should not be used by those suffering from high blood pressure or cardiovascular disease. There are a variety of behavioral treatments for anxiety and ADHD that can be utilized in addition to medication. Mindfulness practices can be helpful in reducing anxiety and stress as can yoga and meditation. Some people find tapping on certain body points, or Emotional Freedom techniques helps reduce cortisol which is the hormone responsible for anxiety. Exercise and diet can also reduce anxiety. Your doctor may suggest that you eat whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and to avoid sugar, as it can worsen anxiety for certain ADHD children and adults. Non-stimulant-based medicines Although stimulants are highly effective in treating ADHD and have been extensively studied but they are not the most appropriate choice for people who suffer from anxiety or ADHD. Stimulant medications may cause negative side effects such as jitteriness rapid heart rate and nervousness that can mimic or even worsen symptoms of anxiety. Non-stimulant medications are a more recent option that has been used to treat ADHD since 2002 (under the brand name Strattera). They do not increase blood pressure or heart rate and are less likely to suffer anxiety-related side effects such as shaking, sweating, or nervousness. Atomoxetine is a drug that targets receptors for norepinephrine, which is a brain chemical that improves attention and reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. It has also been shown to improve anxiety symptoms among adolescents and children with ADHD. Researchers gathered clinical articles from PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO to determine if atomoxetine improved anxiety in children and adolescents with ADHD. Another medication that can be effective in helping with anxiety symptoms is bupropion, which is a drug that targets the brain chemical dopamine. Bupropion is frequently recommended for those suffering from co-occurring depression and ADHD. It can also improve mood and lessen symptoms of anxiety. It is often a good idea to try and treat the root cause of anxiety before treating the ADHD since that will usually make anxiety symptoms disappear. It is very common for children with ADHD to experience issues with anxiety, and in a few instances, anxiety may be caused by their ADHD symptoms. The most effective method of treating anxiety in these circumstances is usually cognitive-behavioral therapy as well as psychostimulants. These treatments can help reduce ADHD symptoms and anxiety by addressing the root cause of the issue. Antidepressants are often prescribed to people with coexisting ADHD and anxiety. SSRI antidepressants, which attack the brain chemical serotonin can ease anxiety symptoms and improve mood. Examples include Zoloft Lexapro, and Sertraline. Your doctor will ultimately determine which medication is right for you. They will look at your symptoms, lifestyle, age and other health conditions before suggesting any medication. It is crucial to discuss your treatment goals with your doctor and adhere to a daily schedule while taking any medication. Other options Other treatment options may be beneficial to manage ADHD or anxiety, depending on your health goals. These include mindfulness meditation yoga, yoga, tapping (Emotional Freedom Techniques), sleep and nutrition, as well as exercise and healthy eating habits. Dr. Hallowell says that people with anxiety are more prone to develop symptoms of ADHD, making it difficult to treat both conditions simultaneously. He usually prescribes stimulants first to address ADHD before turning to non-stimulant medications like bupropion, atomoxetine, or guanfacine to treat anxiety disorders. These medications are available 24/7 and are not controlled substances, similar to stimulants.